Plasma phospholipid and dietary fatty acids as predictors of type 2 diabetes: interpreting the role of linoleic acid

Hodge AME, D. R.; O'Dea, K.; Sinclair, A. J.; Makrides, M.; Gibson, R. A.; Giles, G. G. (2007) Plasma phospholipid and dietary fatty acids as predictors of type 2 diabetes: interpreting the role of linoleic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 86:189-197

BACKGROUND: Dietary fatty acids may be associated with diabetes but are difficult to measure accurately. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the associations of fatty acids in plasma and diet with diabetes incidence. DESIGN: This was a prospective case-cohort study of 3737 adults aged 36-72 y. Fatty acid intake (/kJ) and plasma phospholipid fatty acids (%) were measured at baseline, and diabetes incidence was assessed by self-report 4 y later. Logistic regression excluding (model 1) and including (model 2) body mass index and waist-hip ratio was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for plasma phospholipid and dietary fatty acids. RESULTS: In plasma phospholipid, positive associations with diabetes were seen for stearic acid [OR model 1, highest versus lowest quintile: 4.14 (95% CI: 2.65, 6.49), P for trend < 0.0001]="" and="" total="" saturated="" fatty="" acids="" [or="" model="" 1:="" 3.76="" (2.43,="" 5.81),="" p="" for="" trend="">< 0.0001],="" whereas="" an="" inverse="" association="" was="" seen="" for="" linoleic="" acid="" [or="" model="" 1:="" 0.22="" (0.14,="" 0.36),="" p="" for="" trend="">< 0.0001].="" dietary="" linoleic="" [or="" model="" 1:="" 1.77="" (1.19,="" 2.64),="" p="" for="" trend="0.002]," palmitic="" [or="" model="" 1:="" 1.65="" (1.12,="" 2.43),="" p="" for="" trend="0.012]," and="" stearic="" [or="" model="" 1:="" 1.46="" (1.00,="" 2.14),="" p="" for="" trend="0.030]" acids="" were="" positively="" associated="" with="" diabetes="" incidence="" before="" adjustment="" for="" body="" size.="" within="" each="" quintile="" of="" linoleic="" acid="" intake,="" cases="" had="" lower="" baseline="" plasma="" phospholipid="" linoleic="" acid="" proportions="" than="" did="" controls.="" conclusions:="" dietary="" saturated="" fat="" intake="" is="" inversely="" associated="" with="" diabetes="" risk.="" more="" research="" is="" required="" to="" determine="" whether="" linoleic="" acid="" is="" an="" appropriate="" dietary="">